A capacidade funcional para as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária em idosos

Abstract

Objective: Estimate the prevalence and factors associated with functionality in basic and instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 311 individuals aged 60 years or older, selected by convenience at a health clinic at the Catholic University of Pelotas between August and December of 2016. Data were collected through a structured interview and instrument application. The Katz Index and the Lawton Scale were used to evaluate the basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, respectively. Functional incapacity was considered the need for partial or total help for the accomplishment of at least one daily life activity. Poisson regression with robust variance was used in the crude and adjusted analyzes. Results: The prevalence of disability for basic activities was 2.6% and for instrumental activities was 46.3%. The basic activity with greater partial dependence was the control of sphincters (18.6%), and for the instrumental activity the use of transportation (18.3%). In the adjusted analysis, as statistically associated variables (p≤0.05, CI 95%) with a higher prevalence of partial dependence on instrumental activities of daily living: great difficulty in maintaining mealtime (PR = 1.21 CI 1,04- 1,40) Very good sleep quality (PR = 1.21, CI 1.00-1.45), taking daily medication in sleep (PR= 1.17, CI 1.09-1, 27) and presenting with depression (PR = 1.15, CI 1.06- 1.24). The variables associated with lower prevalence were: living alone (PR = 0.90, CI 0.83-0.98), work (PR = 0.89, CI 0.81-0.98), and strength normal hand grip (PR = 0.87, CI 0.81-0.93). Conclusion: The higher prevalence for partial dependence was in the instrumental activities of daily living. The associated factors were difficulty in keeping mealtimes, sleep quality very good, taking medication daily for sleep, presenting depression, living alone, working, and normal manual grip strength. Descriptors: Health of the elderly. Aging. Daily activities.