Protocolo de atendimento médico para pacientes que procuram a maternidade de alto risco com com suspeita de pré-eclâmpsia em um hospital da cidade de Pelotas, RS

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a multissystemic pathology affecting up to 10% of pregnancies and with mortality rate varying from 5 to 17%, being child-birth its definitive treatment. As medical protocols are intended for diseases with higher prevalence and significant mortality rates, a revision for the creation of a protocol to be used with pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia was developed. Objective: To develop a protocol to be used by the medical team in hospitals containing diagnostic criteria, treatment and prevention for pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia. Methods: A literature review was performed in order to find studies contemplating preeclampsia, including diagnosis, prevention and treatment, as well as its etiopathogeny and risk factors. Studies published between 2000 and 2015 were included, written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Studies reporting Chronic Hypertension and HELLP Syndrome were excluded. Results: Pregnant women with gestational age higher than 20 weeks, with systolic blood pressure of 140mmHg or higher and/or dyastolic blood pressure of 90mmHg or higher measured twice within a 4-hour interval should be tracked with the measurement of 24-hour proteinuria. If the values are above 300mg/24h ou hypertension is followed by alert signs, diagnosis is made. After the confirmed diagnosis, these patients are classified as high-risk pregnants, needing monitoring of fetal and maternal well-being through liver and renal function and clotting tests for the mother and Doppler ultrasound, Fetal Biophysical Profile and prenatal monitoring for the fetus. Pregnancy should be interrupted when fetal maturity is achieved or signs of aggravated disease leading to increased risk for the mother or the fetus. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is a multissystemic pathology with high rates of fetal and maternal mortality, needing prompt diagnosis and adoption of early preventive measures in the setting of a high quality prenatal service.