GÊNEROS DISCURSIVOS DA ESFERA EMPRESARIAL NO ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: REFLEXÕES, ANÁLISES E POSSIBILIDADES

Abstract

This study is a contribution towards an enunciative approach in the teaching of mother tongue in Professional Education. Considering the need to reevaluate the pedagogical practice that is being developed in that type of education so as to provide conditions for future professionals to understand language as a social activity and develop skills that allow them to follow the changing world of work, we established three objectives: 1) to investigate whether the school considers the notion of genre in the discursive perspective and whether it has been tracking the changes in the business sphere, which is the area where students will act after leaving school; 2) to understand the specifics of the professional sphere and the genres that are being consolidated there; 3) to analyze from a discursive perspective a genre that actually circulates in a professional context, considering three levels of analysis: situational, compositional and axiological, in order to help teachers and school administrators to adopt a new attitude, promoting curricular changes, developing pedagogical projects, and producing educational materials. In theoretical terms, the study is supported by the views of the Bakhtin Circle in its dialogic concept of language as a collective creation of an integral dialogue between the cumulative I and the interlocutor; of language as a place of interaction whose meanings are produced by interlocutors in a given social, historical and ideological context; of genre, as recurring utterances that guide action as a collective event. It is argued that genre discursive education is that which takes into account the analysis of socio-historical aspects in a situation, emphasizing the speaker‟s willingness to enunciate, and then, from there, look for linguistic marks that reflect these situational marks in the text. To achieve the first objective, we analyzed plans and school syllabuses, interviewed teachers and observed classes in mother tongue courses in Chemistry, Construction and Electronics, offered by the professional school; to achieve the second objective, we visited companies in the surrounding area where students are often employed after leaving school, held interviews with their representatives and collected written material; to achieve the third objective we interviewed the people who were in charge of producing the chosen genre, External Activity Report, collected specimens of this genre and constructed categories of analysis, essentially trying to include the verbal and the extraverbal dimension of language, as proposed by Bakhtin.In general terms, it was found that 1) the concept of language that underlies the teaching of mother tongue in a professional school is instrumental and genre is conceived as a species or text family with stable characteristics, 2) that the professional sphere is a coercive space for ideological productions according to a specific logic, 3) that the school will only adopt an enunciative discursive perspective when it realizes that genre needs to be seen in the sphere of activity, as a reflection of reality. The present study, as a whole, represents the realization of a proposal in that direction