Efeitos do consumo materno de dieta rica em gordura durante a pré-concepção a prenhez e a lactação no desenvolvimento da prole

Abstract

Introduction: The pattern of eating behavior based on a Western Diet usually practiced contemporaneously reinforces the idea of consumption of foods that are poor in nutritional value and with a high concentration of carbohydrates and fats. Numerous chronic diseases are associated with a high-fat diet, such as diabetes, hypertension and depression. Like the rest of society, women of childbearing, pregnant and lactating age have been presenting media responsive behavior and the ease of obtaining fatty foods. Animal studies have shown that there is an association between a high fat maternal diet and changes in several parameters related to embryonic, fetal and postnatal growth, and further research is needed to deepen the knowledge obtained so far. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the somatic development, physical and sensory-motor effects in the progeny of rats exposed to high-fat diet in the preconception, pregnancy and lactation periods, as well as the influence of diet on maternal body composition and blood glucose levels. Methods: Six Wistar females (37 days old) were divided into control group (CD, n = 3, Nuvilab CR-1 diet, 3.4 kcal / g, fat 4g%) and high fat diet (HFD, n = 3, 6.1 kcal / g, fat 50g%) and maintained with the respective diets until weaning (postnatal day 21). The source of fat mainly used was lard. Mothers were evaluated in physical measures (body weight, body length and Lee index) and biochemical parameters of glucose. The males of the offspring (n = 31) were analyzed according to body parameters (body weight, length and Lee index), somatic growth (mediolateral and anteroposterior cranial length), physical characteristics of maturation (unfolding of the external pavilion of both ears, opening of the auditory canal, eruption of the incisors and opening of the eyes) and reflex ontogeny (righting reflex and negative geotaxis). Results: Dams exposed to the high-fat diet had lower body weight (from 52 to 122 days old, p < 0,05) and less amount of food intake (from 108 to 122 days old, p < 0.001). HFD pups had lower body weight (from 5 to 21 days old, p < 0.01), naso-anal (14 and 21 days old, p < 0.01) and craniocaudal length (from 5 to 21 days old, p < 0.01), smaller mediolateral (from 5 to 21 days old, p < 0.05) and anteroposterior (from 5 to 21 days old, p < 0.05) axis of the head, higher Lee index (21 days ), delay in negative geotaxis reflex (p < 0.03) and maturation of physical features (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal exposure to a high-fat diet during preconception, pregnancy and lactation do not implicate in body weight increment, but even so in offspring cause changes in body composition, impair somatic growth, delay in appearance of physical features and prejudice to the reflex ontogeny.