TEDE Coleção: TEDE

Movimento antivacinas: percepções e desafios nas escolas de ensino fundamental do município de Pelotas-RS

Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Movimento antivacinas: percepções e desafios nas escolas de ensino fundamental do município de Pelotas-RS Autor: Maia, Tatiana Trindade Häfele Primeiro orientador: Fare, Mónica de la Abstract: The anti-vaccine movement represents one of the most significant challenges to public immunization policies, directly impacting collective health and health promotion initiatives within the school environment. In the municipality of Pelotas-RS, this phenomenon influences the perceptions and practices of students and their families, amplified by the dissemination of false or distorted information, especially through digital social networks. In this context, schools emerge as strategic spaces for combating misinformation, requiring dialogical, participatory, and listening-based pedagogical practices aligned with Freire’s perspective of critical and emancipatory education. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of elementary school students from the municipal public network of Pelotas-RS regarding vaccination and collective health, addressing both the anti-vaccine movement and the challenges faced by schools in articulating the fields of education and health. Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive in nature, the research included focus groups with 5th-grade students aged 10 to 11, as well as semi-structured interviews with one principal and two teachers from each participating school. The analysis was conducted based on the framework of Minayo (2014), who understands the interpretative process as a social construction mediated by the cultural and historical context of the subjects, and it engaged in dialogue with Ulrich Beck’s (2010) theory of the risk society, which enabled the understanding of contemporary uncertainties and fears surrounding vaccination as an expression of a social rationality marked by distrust and the individualization of responsibilities toward health. It also incorporated Paulo Freire’s (1970) contributions to problematize educational processes.It was also observed that principals and teachers demonstrate a strong commitment to strengthening the actions of the School Health Program (PSE) and the National Immunization Program (PNI), despite facing structural barriers, a lack of specific continuing education, and occasional resistance from some community members. Furthermore, pedagogical practices based on active listening, critical dialogue, and the articulation between schools, families, and health services were shown to foster appreciation for vaccination and the development of collective health awareness among students. It is concluded that the school constitutes a privileged space for awareness and health promotion, provided that it reinforces its integration with the primary health care network, invests in participatory educational strategies, and maintains ongoing actions to counter misinformation, thus contributing to the strengthening of citizenship and social trust in science. Instituição: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Uso de telas, brincar e distanciamento social durante a COVID-19: associações com comportamentos internalizantes e externalizantes em crianças pré-escolares

Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Uso de telas, brincar e distanciamento social durante a COVID-19: associações com comportamentos internalizantes e externalizantes em crianças pré-escolares Autor: Mello, Renata Behling de Primeiro orientador: Matos, Mariana Bonati de Abstract: In early childhood, the emergence of behavioral problems can generate difficulties in peer relationships and in the appropriate expression of emotions and behaviors. During this period, free or guided play plays a fundamental role in socialization as well as in the meaning-making and re-meaning of everyday experiences. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, external contact between children was limited, making them more vulnerable due to reduced social and emotional stimulation. In this scenario, this study evaluated the impacts of social isolation, screen use, and play characteristics on internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in young children from the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. This was a longitudinal study nested within a population-based cohort of pregnant women. A total of 539 mother–child dyads who participated in the 6th assessment—conducted remotely during the pandemic (between 2020 and 2021, when the children were approximately 2 years and 11 months old)—and the 7th assessment—conducted in person when they were approximately 5 years and 3 months old—were included. Sociodemographic and perinatal factors, screen use, social distancing, play characteristics, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were investigated. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with descriptive statistics, bivariate tests (chi-square and t-tests), and robust Poisson regression. The results showed that only the absence of daily screen use remained associated with a higher prevalence of externalizing behaviors in the adjusted analysis (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05–1.57). Physical distancing and play showed no significant associations with the outcomes. These findings contrast with much of the literature, suggesting a possible bias in maternal perception and the regulatory role of screens in family routines. It is recommended that future studies explore in greater depth the context of screen use, the type of content accessed, and parental involvement. Keywords: social distancing; screen use; play; behavioral problems; early childhood. Instituição: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Perfil das crianças internadas em um hospital escola do sul do Brasil no ano de 2024

Mon, 24 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Perfil das crianças internadas em um hospital escola do sul do Brasil no ano de 2024 Autor: Rosa, Odineia Farias da Primeiro orientador: Oliveira, Luísa Jardim de Abstract: Introduction: Pediatric hospitalization is a critical event that impacts the physical, emotional, and social development of children, potentially leading to cognitive and social impairments when prolonged. Identifying the sociodemographic and clinical factors that lead to child hospitalization is crucial for informing health planning, allowing for the promotion of more targeted interventions and the development of effective preventive policies, with the ultimate goal of reducing child morbidity and the burden on the health system. Objective:To analyze the epidemiological profile of children hospitalized during the year 2024 in the pediatric clinic of a regional reference teaching hospital located in Southern Brazil, and to discuss the implications of these findings for health management and assistance. Method: An observational, retrospective, document-based study was developed. Data collection was performed using medical records, covering a total of 390 children hospitalized in the pediatric clinic from January to December 2024. Sociodemographic variables (sex, age, origin/provenance, social vulnerability) and clinical variables (type of delivery, birth weight, diagnosis of hospitalization according to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10, length of stay, and seasonality) were collected. For statistical analysis, frequency and association measures were employed, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the association between reasons for hospitalization and length of stay, with a significance level of (p < 0.05).ResultsThe sample consisted of 390 children. The majority were male (54.9%) and concentrated in age groups under 6 years old (85.3%), residing in the urban area of Pelotas. A high prevalence of Cesarean delivery (57.0%) and low birth weight (21.2%) was observed, indicating weaknesses in the prenatal and delivery cycle. Regarding morbidity, the primary cause of hospitalization was the group of Diseases of the Respiratory System (ICD J00-J99), accounting for 63.8% of diagnoses. The reasons for hospitalization showed a statistically significant difference regarding seasonality (p=0.022), with respiratory diseases being most prevalent during the Winter period (34.7% of hospitalizations). The overall median length of hospital stay was 4 days. However, Diseases of the Circulatory System showed the highest median length of stay, at 15 days (p<0.001). Social vulnerability was evident, with 36.9% of families being beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família or BPC social programs. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of pediatric hospitalizations reveals a strong concentration of morbidity in conditions frequently sensitive to Primary Health Care, such as seasonal respiratory diseases, and points to structural vulnerabilities in maternal-child care. The findings emphasize the pressing need to strengthen preventive actions and health surveillance, particularly regarding the quality of prenatal care and the management of respiratory demand in the winter. It is concluded that addressing child morbidity requires an intersectoral and integrated action among surveillance, primary care, and hospital management, with the aim of reducing social inequities and optimizing care flows. Instituição: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Nomofobia, fear of missing out e dependência de smartphones em universitários brasileiros

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Nomofobia, fear of missing out e dependência de smartphones em universitários brasileiros Autor: Grala, Júlia da Paz Primeiro orientador: Matos, Mariana Bonati de Abstract: Introduction: The growing integration of smartphones into everyday life has brought significant advances in communication, socialization, and access to information. However, the excessive use of these devices has been associated with negative physical, psychological, and social repercussions. Among the most prominent phenomena are smartphone addiction, nomophobia (fear of being without access to one’s mobile phone), and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Despite their relevance, the literature still shows gaps in understanding these phenomena among Brazilian university students. Objective: To investigate the association between smartphone addiction, nomophobia, and FoMO among Brazilian university students. Method: The study was conducted in four main stages: (1) development of a research project, approved during the qualification stage; (2) data collection through an online questionnaire with a non-probabilistic sample of Brazilian university students, encompassing sociodemographic and behavioral variables and validated instruments (NMP-Q-BR, FoMOs, SAS-SV); (3) univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses using SPSS 25 software; and (4) production of three scientific papers: one on FoMO and smartphone addiction, another on nomophobia and associated factors, and a narrative review integrating the three phenomena. Results: The findings indicated a prevalence of moderate (53.3%) and severe (25.3%) symptoms of nomophobia and of FoMO (32.6%), both associated with smartphone addiction. Women and younger individuals (18-24 years old) showed higher rates of FoMO and nomophobia. Behaviors such as using social media for more than four hours per day, scrolling, checking the device immediately after waking up, and using it in class for non-academic purposes were identified as associated predictors (p<0.05). The narrative review demonstrated the interrelationship among addiction, nomophobia, and FoMO, highlighting the need to consider cultural and contextual factors in analyzing the phenomenon. Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is strongly associated with high levels of nomophobia and FoMO among university students. The set of findings underscores the importance of expanding research within the Brazilian context, which remains underexplored, and of conducting future studies to develop prevention and intervention strategies to promote the healthy use of technology. Instituição: Universidade Catolica de Pelotas Tipo do documento: Dissertação